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INTERNET DRAFT Expires August 27, 1993
ISO/CCITT and Internet Management Coexistence (IIMC):
Translation of Internet MIBs to ISO/CCITT GDMO MIBs
(IIMCIMIBTRANS)
March 26, 1993
Lee LaBarre (Editor)
The MITRE Corporation
Burlington Road
Bedford, MA 01730
cel@mbunix.mitre.org
Status of this Memo
This document provides information to the network and
systems management community. This document is intended as
a contribution to ongoing work in the area of multi-protocol
management coexistence and interworking. This document is
part of a package; see also [IIMCOMIBTRANS] [IIMCMIB-II]
[IIMCPROXY] and [IIMCSEC]. Distribution of this document is
unlimited. Comments should be sent to the Network Management
Forum IIMC working group (iimc@thumper.bellcore.com).
This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are
working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other
groups may also distribute working documents as Internet
Drafts.
Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of
six months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or
obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is not
appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or
to cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in
progress.''
Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil,
nnsc.nsf.net,nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, munnari.oz.au
to learn the current status of any Internet Draft.
LaBarre Expires August 27, 1993 Page i
Draft Translation of Internet MIBs to ISO/CCITT MIBs 3/26/93
Abstract
This document is intended to facilitate the multi-protocol
management coexistence and interworking for networks that
are managed using the ISO/CCITT Common Management
Information Protocol (CMIP) and networks that are managed
using the Internet Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP). This document contains translation and registration
procedures that are applicable to translation of Internet
MIBs, defined according to the Internet Structure of
Management Information (SMI), into ISO/CCITT SMI-defined
MIBs. This document also defines and registers generic
management information that may be used with the translation
procedures to facilitate interoperability.
Table of Contents
Status of this Memo ......................................i
Abstract .................................................ii
Table of Contents ........................................ii
Revision History .........................................iv
1.Introduction ...........................................1
1.1 Background ...........................................1
1.2 Overview .............................................2
1.3 Scope ................................................4
1.4 Terms andConventions .................................5
2. Registration and Naming Procedures ....................5
2.1 Registration Procedures ..............................5
2.1.1 Automated Registration Procedures ..................6
2.1.2 IIMC Explicit Registration Procedures ..............7
2.1.2.1 Object Classes and Attributes Registration .......7
2.1.2.2 Trap/Notification Registration ...................7
2.1.2.3 NAME BINDINGs Registration .......................8
2.1.2.4 Registration of ASN.1 Modules and IIMC
Documents ................................................9
2.2 Naming Procedures ....................................9
2.2.1 Naming Attribute ...................................9
2.2.2 ISO/CCITT-Internet Naming Tree .....................10
2.2.3 Distinguished Names ................................11
2.3 OID Translation ......................................11
2.3.1 OID/Name Translation ISO to Internet ...............11
2.3.2 OID/Name Translation Internet to ISO ...............14
2.4 Inheritance for Object Classes .......................14
2.5 Reference Labels for Derived Entities ................15
3. Internet to ISO/CCITT MIB Translation Procedures ......16
3.1 Pre-translation Procedures ...........................16
3.2 GDMO Translation Procedures ..........................19
3.2.1 Translation of Groups ..............................19
3.2.2 Translation of Table Objects .......................21
3.2.3 Translation of Table Entry Objects .................22
3.2.4 Translation of Other OBJECT-TYPES ..................23
3.2.5 Translation of Notifications .......................26
3.2.6 Translation of Internet Attribute Types ............30
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3.3 Post-translation Procedures ..........................31
3.3.1 Post-translation of BEHAVIOUR Cause ................32
3.3.2 Deletion of Derived MIB Elements ...................32
3.3.3 Creation of NAME BINDING Templates .................32
4. Common SNMP Derived Attribute Types ...................35
5. ASN.1 Definitions .....................................42
6. Acknowledgments .......................................46
References ...............................................47
Annex A ..................................................50
LaBarre Expires August 27, 1993 Page iii
Draft Translation of Internet MIBs to ISO/CCITT MIBs 3/26/93
Revision History
Draft 0 - October 9, 1992
Initial draft of this document.
Draft 1 - March 26, 1993
Current draft of this document (replaces Draft 0).
Major Changes Since Last Revision
1. Deleted proxy MIB (moved to [IIMCPROXY]).
2. Revised OID translation procedure.
3. Revised generic notification replaces previous
notifications.
4. Updated to reflect SNMPv2 changes.
5. Added parsing capability to templates.
6. Removed NOTIFICATIONS clause from templates.
All notifications shall be emitted by the objects in the
Proxy MIB defined in [IIMCPROXY].
7. Revised naming hierarchy for MIBs.
8. Only single name bindings may now be allowed for objects.
9. Revised pre and post processing procedures.
10.Defined document automatic and explicit
registration procedures, and registered IIMC docs.
11.Added temporary annex describing the editor's proposal
for the naming hierarchy relative to agents and a proxy.
This proposal is reflected throughout this document.
12.Corrected numerous errors.
Action Item Proposals Contained In This Document
#13 Registration of documents (proposed).
#17 Parsable behaviour clause (proposed).
#7 & #12 Generic Internet notification (proposed).
#14 & #15 Alternate naming hierarchy (proposed).
Outstanding Issues
1. What should the naming hierarchy be, especially for
proxy? This document contains in Annex A a description of
the editor's proposed naming hierarchy and its
characteristics. The [IIMCPROXY] contains a description of
an alternative naming hierarchy proposal. Both proposals
should be considered by reviewers, and comments are
solicited.
2. Should multiple name-bindings be accommodated for object
classes derived from Internet MIBs?
LaBarre Expires August 27, 1993 Page iv
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1.Introduction
The past decade has witnessed the development of enterprise
wide networks composed of a multi-vendor environment
containing heterogeneous protocol and hardware suites.
Organizations have become increasingly dependent on these
enterprise networks for their daily operations. This
dependence has focused attention on the need for operation,
administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) of the
multi-vendor enterprise network on an end-to-end basis.
1.1 Background
This document is part of a package of ISO/CCITT and Internet
Management Coexistence (IIMC) drafts. Other documents
included in this package are:
[IIMCMIB-II] Translation of Internet MIB-II (RFC1213)
to ISO/CCITT GDMO MIB
[IIMCOMIBTRANS] Translation of ISO/CCITT GDMO MIBs to
Internet MIBs
[IIMCSEC] ISO/CCITT to Internet Management
Security
[IIMCPROXY] ISO/CCITT to Internet Management Proxy
These documents together comprise a package aimed at
integrating ISO/CCITT-based and Internet-based management
systems. These documents represent coexistence and
interworking efforts underway within the IIMC working group,
chartered under the auspices of the Network Management Forum
Architecture Integration ISO/Internet technical team.
This work was initiated, in part, by NM Forum efforts to
translate RFC 1214 for use with OMNIPoint 1 implementations.
Through this effort, it became obvious that end-to-end
management requires an integrated, unified view of the
managed network, despite differences in management protocol
and information structure. Integrated management can be
facilitated by the development of "proxy" mechanisms which
translate between functionally equivalent service, protocol,
and SMI differences to create this unified view. MIB
translation procedures can be used to support proxy
management, as well as to take advantage of existing MIB
definition and avoid duplication of effort. In this way,
commercial investment in both ISO/CCITT and Internet-based
management technologies can be preserved through deployment
of common methods and tools which support integration.
This overall strategy was outlined in a joint publication
developed by the NM Forum and X/Open entitled "ISO/CCITT and
Internet Management: Coexistence and Interworking Strategy"
LaBarre Expires August 27, 1993 Page 1
Draft Translation of Internet MIBs to ISO/CCITT MIBs 3/26/93
[NMFMC92]. The documents included in the IIMC package are
the next level of detailed specifications which implement
several of the methodologies identified in the strategy.
1.2 Overview
The response to the need for OAM&P of enterprise networks
has been the development of network management standards
within various networking communities - most notably the
ISO/CCITT and Internet communities. However, coordination of
standards activities between these two communities has not
occurred. As a result, although they share a nearly common
management model, differences in their management protocols
and structures of management information (SMIs) have
developed due to differing management philosophies.
The ISO/CCITT community has developed the Common Management
Information Protocol (CMIP) [ISO9596-1], and related SMI
documents [ISO10165-1,2,4]. The Internet community has
developed the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
[RFC1157], and its successor, SNMPv2 [SNMPv2PROT]. The
Internet SMI is defined in [RFC1155] and [SNMPv2SMI].
Although functionally similar, the Internet and ISO/CCITT
protocols and SMIs differ in terms of their complexity and
specific operations.
The focus on the need for end-to-end enterprise management
has indicated the need to integrate the management of
components accessed by ISO/CCITT management, Internet
management and proprietary management mechanisms in a manner
which presents a unified view of the network, despite
protocol and SMI differences. One way to integrate
management is by the development of "proxy" mechanisms which
translate between functionally equivalent services, protocol
and SMI differences to create this unified view.
A body of telecommunications and computer vendors,
represented by organizations such as the Network Management
Forum (NMF), and the U.S. government, as specified in the
Government Network Management Profile (GNMP) have based
their integrated management model on the ISO/CCITT
management model using CMIP and the ISO/CCITT SMI. These
organizations are particularly interested in the development
of proxies for devices that use the Internet management
protocols and SMI. Their interest is primarily due to the
widespread commercial implementation and use of such devices
within their enterprises, especially devices that use the
Internet TCP/IP protocol suite.
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The basic model for ISO/CCITT-Internet proxy management is
illustrated in the following diagram.
Manager Proxy
Agent
+-----------------------+ +---------------------+ +------
----------------+
|+---------------------+| |+------+ +----------+| |+-----
--------------+ |
|| Management || || GDMO | | Internet || ||
Managed | |
|| Applications || || MIB | | MIB || ||
Resources | |
|+---------------------+| |+------+ +----------+| |+-----
--------------+ |
| | | |+-------------------+| |
| |
| | | || Service || |
| |
| | | || Emulation || |
| |
| | | ||(scoping) || |
| |
| | | || (filtering) || |
| |
| | || (operations)|| |
| |
|+-----------+---------+| |+-------------------+| |+-----
-----+---------+|
|| ISO/CCITT | GDMO || || Protocols Mapping || ||
Internet | Internet||
|| Manager | MIB || || CMIS |...| SNMP || ||
Agent | MIB ||
|+-----------+---------+| |+-------------------+| |+-----
-----+---------+|
| | | | |CMIS | | | |
|
| | CMIS Services | | |Services | | | |
SNMP "Services" |
| | | | | | | | |
|
| | | | | SNMP| | | |
|
| | | | | "Services"| | | |
|
+-----------------------+ +---------------------+ +------
----------------+
| CMIP | | CMIP | SNMP | |
SNMP |
+-----------------------+ +---------------------+ +------
----------------+
^ ^ ^
^
LaBarre Expires August 27, 1993 Page 3
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| | |
|
+---------------------+ +---------------
----+
CMIP Messages SNMP
Messages
The proxy architecture provides emulation of CMIS services
by mapping to the corresponding SNMP message(s) necessary to
carry out the service request. The service emulation allows
management of Internet objects by an ISO/CCITT manager. The
left hand side of the proxy behaves like an ISO/CCITT agent,
communicating with the ISO/CCITT manager using CMIP
protocols. The right hand side of the proxy behaves like
an Internet manager, communicating with the Internet agent
using SNMP protocols.
The proxy relies on the existence of a pair of directly-
related MIB definitions, where the Internet MIB has been
translated into ISO/CCITT GDMO using the procedures
specified in [IIMCIMIBTRANS]. The proxy defined in
[IIMCPROXY] uses these MIB definitions and rules to provide
run-time translation of management information carried in
service requests and responses.
The proxy architecture is designed with a specified
interface between the proxy and the underlying protocol
stacks, and so deals primarily in terms of CMIS services and
SNMP "services". The proxy emulates services such as CMIS
scoping and filtering, processing of CMIS operations, and
forwarding/logging of CMIS notifications by performing a
mapping process which must be tailored for each protocol
(for example, SNMP and SNMPv2 are variants of the same
protocol mapping process).
In addition, [IIMCOMIBTRANS] specifies translation
procedures for converting ISO/CCITT GDMO MIBs into Internet
MIBs. MIBs generated by this translation process cannot be
utilized by the Proxy defined in [IIMCPROXY], although
another kind of Proxy could be defined for this purpose in
the future.
Finally, note that MIBs translated by procedures such as
those defined by [IIMCIMIBTRANS] and [IIMCOMIBTRANS] may
also be used without a proxy. For example, a translated MIB
may be used to take advantage of existing MIB definitions
when business needs require deployment in a different
management environment. Translated MIBs may also be used to
provide uniformity when multiple management environments are
supported by a single system (e.g., dual stack managers).
1.3 Scope
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A major reason for the rapid commercialization of devices
manageable via the Internet management protocol is due to
the speed with which the vendors in the Internet community
have been able to develop MIBs based on the Internet SMI.
To capitalize on this continuing Internet MIB development
and their deployment in commercial devices, communities
interested in integrated management via ISO/CCITT-Internet
proxies require that procedures be defined for translation
of Internet MIBs into ISO/CCITT GDMO MIBs, i.e., MIBs
defined according to the ISO/CCITT SMI Guidelines for
Definition of Managed Objects [ISO10165-4]. Communities
interested in using ISO/CCITT management protocols to
directly manage resources using the Internet defined MIB
elements are also interested in MIB translation procedures.
Such MIB translations may also minimize the independent
development of ISO/CCITT GDMO MIBs for the same resources
and thereby reduce the incompatibilities with the Internet
MIBs.
Translation procedures which may be automated to a high
degree, and include unambiguous automated registration
procedures, are of particular interest to the communities
interested in using GDMO translations of Internet MIBs.
This document defines such procedures.
This document also defines generic SNMP trap to CMIS
notification mappings, common naming conventions, and ASN.1
modules applicable to translated Internet MIBs.
This document assumes that the reader is familiar with the
ISO/CCITT SMI and Internet SMI, and the terminology of each.
The term SNMP will be used throughout the document to
indicate either SNMPv1 or SNMPv2, unless a distinction needs
to be made.
Editor's Note: [As of the date of this document, the SNMPv2
SMI and protocol are considered stable drafts. It is
expected that the[SNMPv2PROT], [SNMPv2SMI], [SNMPv2MIB],
[SNMPv2TC] and related documents will become RFCs and
proposed Internet standards before the final publication of
this document, and that changes will not significantly
affect the registration, naming, and translation procedures
described in this document.]
Many, but not all, of the procedures defined in this
document are subject to automation. Comments are provided
concerning possible aids to automation; however, it is not
the intent of this document to provide automated translation
algorithms.
This document is allocated the following registration
identifier for purposes of referencing material contained
herein.
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iimcIIMCIMIBTRANS OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::={iimcManagementDocMan 1}
Editor's Note: [The iimcManagementDocMan will be resolved
before the final publication of this document.]
1.4 Terms and Conventions
Editor's Note: [To Be Provided.]
2. Registration and Naming Procedures
Registration and naming procedures are crucial to the unique
identification of management information. Registration
assures the uniqueness of management information element
types, while naming provides a way of distinguishing
instances of a type and locating them within the MIB.
2.1 Registration Procedures
Registration procedures specify that changes in the syntax
or semantics of registered entities require them to be
registered as new entities. The process of converting
Internet MIBs into the ISO/CCITT GDMO MIBs inevitably
introduces subtle semantic changes in how data can be
operated on, and changes in the content of the MIB element.
For example, ISO/CCITT attributes that are converted from
Internet Object Types acquire matching rules for use in
filtering operations. ISO/CCITT object classes that are
created from Internet groups acquire semantics related to
their inheritance of new attributes from the "top" managed
object class. The end result is that all the new ISO/CCITT
object classes, attributes, and notifications created during
the translation process must be registered. In addition,
name bindings for inserting object instances into the naming
hierarchy must be registered.
2.1.1 Automated Registration Procedures
Registration procedures are critical to the goals of
automating the translation of Internet MIBs to ISO/CCITT
GDMO format, and the efficient implementation of ISO/CCITT-
Internet proxies. Registration involves assignment of an
ASN.1 Object Identifier (OID) to the entity. Management
entities defined according to the principles of the Internet
SMI may be registered under the IAB's "internet" arc, or
registered under an arc in another organization's
proprietary registration subtree.
Since OIDs can be guaranteed to be unique across
organizations only within the context of the uppermost
registration hierarchy, this document uses the entire OID to
prevent ambiguity. The effect of the registration procedure
specified in this document is to graft the entire OID to
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another part of the registration tree, without changing the
OID structure.
Registration is accomplished by the following procedure:
a) determine the sequence of sub-identifiers of the OID
assigned to the internet management entity, beginning at the
root of the registration tree, and identify that sequence as
<internetEntityId>,
NOTE: Remember, the first part of the ASN.1 encoded OID
must be translated into two sub-identifiers.
b) determine the translated OID {<iimcTransOID>} as:
{<iimcTransOID>} = {<iimcAutoTrans>
<internetEntityId>}
where <iimcAutoTrans> is the OID dedicated for ISO/CCITT-
Internet automated registration procedures.
This procedure preserves the unique identification of the
entities within the Internet subtree, and entities
identified by OIDs that are registered by other
organizations.
Internet defined groups and objects must be registered as
ISO/CCITT object classes and attributes; and Internet traps
must be registered for inclusion in as ISO/CCITT
notifications. This document allocates an arc in the
registration hierarchy for use in ISO/CCITT-Internet
automated registration. The arc is named "iimcAutoTrans".
iimcAutoTrans OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {#.#.# ...}
2.1.2 IIMC Explicit Registration Procedures
Automated registration procedures alone are not sufficient
to support the translation process. ISO/CCITT management
entities other than translated objects, attributes, and
Internet traps, need to be explicitly registered. These
entities include:
- name bindings for object classes,
- ASN.1 modules that may be referenced for
inclusion in other ASN.1 modules of other documents,
- documents to enable MIB elements and attribute types
defined in one document to be referenced within other
documents,
- IIMC defined management elements, such as
notifications and the IIMC proxy MIB.
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This document allocates an arc in the registration hierarchy
for explicitly registering IIMC management entities. The
arc is named "iimcManagement".
This document assigns sub-arcs under the "iimcManagement"
arc in the ASN.1 module in 5.
The following paragraphs describe registration procedures to
facilitate automated translation and assure uniqueness of
registered ASN.1 object identifiers for ISO/CCITT object
classes and attributes derived from internet entities; and a
registration procedure for their name bindings.
2.1.2.1 Object Classes and Attributes Registration
Follow the procedure described in 2.1 for OIDs associated
with Internet groups, conceptual tables, conceptual table
entries, and objects.
2.1.2.2 Trap/Notification Registration
Internet traps/notifications and informRequests are not
considered by the Internet SMI to be associated with any one
object or group. The ISO/CCITT SMI, however, requires that
a notification be emitted by a specific object instance.
Therefore, determining which ISO/CCITT managed object class
should emit specific internet traps/notifications is
problematic.
This document defines a generic IIMC notification,
internetAlarm(see 3.2.5) that is used to carry all Internet
traps/notifications. This notification is to be emitted by
the internetSystem managed object as defined in [IIMCMIB-II]
and derived from the internet system group defined in
RFC1213. However, each Internet defined trap/notification
must be registered such that they may be differentiated
within the IIMC generic notification.
Internet traps/notifications are registered using the OID
corresponding to the value of the Internet snmpTrapOID
object defined in [SNMPv2MIB].
For SNMPv1 trap PDUs, the snmpTrapOID is derived as stated
in the SNMPv1/SNMPv2 Coexistence document [SNMPv2COEX]
4.1.2(2). That definition is repeated below:
"... if the value of the generic-trap field is
'enterpriseSpecific' then the value used is the
concatenation of the enterprise field from the trap PDU with
additional sub-identifiers, '0', and the value of the
specific-trap field."
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For notifications, informRequests, defined according to the
SNMPv2 SMI, the registered OID is the value of the
snmpTrapOID.
The registered OID for the Internet trap/notification is
then used as the value for the probableCause field of the
IIMC generic notification, internetAlarm, as defined in
3.2.5.
2.1.2.3 NAME BINDINGs Registration
As described in 2.2.2 , the ISO/CCITT SMI requires that
managed object instances be bound into a naming hierarchy,
or tree, for purposes of naming. ISO/CCITT NAME BINDING
templates are used to register the manner in which such
instances may be bound. These name bindings shall be
registered.
The Internet SMI does not include the concept of a naming
tree and name binding. Thus, there exists no registered
internet entity from which an OID for the ISO/CCITT NAME
BINDING template can be derived. One solution is to use the
object class OID to register name bindings under a special
registration arc {iimcManagementNB}. The following procedure
is recommended for registration of name bindings for an
object class to be inserted into the naming hierarchy, i.e.,
the subordinate object class:
o Assign each new name binding an OID, using the
following rules. Start with the OID for the subordinate
object class, derived using the procedures in 2.1.1.
Within the class OID, extract the <internetEntityId>(c)
portion of the OID. Prepend iimcManagementNB to the
<internetEntityId>(c) so that the OID for the name
binding is of the form:
{iimcManagementNB <internetEntityId>(c)}
2.1.2.4 Registration of ASN.1 Modules and IIMC Documents
ASN.1 modules defined in IIMC documents are registered under
the {iimcManagementModule} arc. Documents derived from MIBs
defined in Internet RFC are automatically registered under
the iimcManagementModAutoarc by concatenating the RFC number
onto that arc. If multiple RFCs are included in the
translation, then the RFC numbers shall be concatenated to
iimcManagementModAuto in ascending sequence. Explicit
registration of other ASN.1 modules within the IIMC sub-tree
shall be under the iimcManagementModMan arc.
IIMC documents are registered under the {iimcManagementDoc}
arc. Documents derived from MIBs defined in Internet RFC are
automatically registered under the iimcManagementDocAuto arc
by concatenating the RFC number onto that arc. If multiple
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RFCs are included in the translation, then the RFC numbers
shall be concatenated to iimcManagementDocAuto in ascending
sequence. Explicit registration of other documents within
the IIMC sub-tree shall be under the iimcManagementDocMan
arc.
Editor's Note: [Who is the registration authority for
explicit registration of other documents?]
2.2 Naming Procedures
ISO/CCITT object are identified by specifying read-only
attributes within the object class as naming attributes.
The naming attribute is used to form the relative
distinguished name of the object instance. The sequence of
relative distinguished names that trace the path in the
naming hierarchy from the root to the object forms a
distinguished name that uniquely identifies the object
instance.
2.2.1 Naming Attribute
The conversion of Internet MIBs into ISO/CCITT GDMO MIBs
requires that naming attributes be defined and registered
for each ISO/CCITT object class derived from internet
management entities.
This paper specifies a generic naming attribute, and the
conventions for its value definition, to facilitate
automated generation of naming attributes for object classes
derived from Internet MIBs. This generic naming attribute
is applicable to all ISO/CCITT object classes derived from
Internet defined MIBs.
internetClassId ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
IimcCommonDef.ObjectIdentifier;
BEHAVIOUR
internetClassIdBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS !This is a generic naming attribute
intended to be used for naming all object
classes derived from Internet MIB translation.
For ISO/CCITT object classes that may have only a
single instance per managed system, the value
is the OID for the object class concatenated with
the sub-identifier "0". Object classes derived
from the Internet TCP, UDP, and IP groups are
examples of such object classes.
For object classes that may have multiple
instances per managed system, such as table
entries, the value is the concatenation of the
ISO/CCITT object class OID and the Internet object
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instance identifier (an OID) of the form
specified for the table entry instance
identification in the original Internet MIB
definition.
The Internet object instance identification is the
concatenation of the values of the Internet OBJECT-
TYPE(s) identified in the conceptual table entry
OBJECT-TYPE INDEX clause. If an SNMPv2 AUGMENTS
clause is present, the instance identification is
the concatenation of the values of the OBJECT-
TYPE(s) identified in the INDEX clause of the
conceptual table entry referenced in the value of
the AUGMENTS clause.!;;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY;
REGISTERED AS {iimcManagementNot 1};
The formats for naming attributes of table entries are
compatible with instance identification conventions used by
the Internet, thereby facilitating the automated conversion
of Internet MIBs into ISO/CCITT SMI format and the name
mapping required for proxy management.
2.2.2 ISO/CCITT-Internet Naming Tree
The ISO/CCITT SMI requires that managed object instances
(conventionally just called managed objects) be bound into a
naming hierarchy, or tree, for purposes of naming. This
hierarchy is often called the containment hierarchy. The
binding must specify for each managed object class: the
object class which is superior to it in the containment
hierarchy; and a naming attribute in the object class that
is used to distinguish instances of the object class at a
given level in the hierarchy. The name binding is specified
after the object class has been defined.
2.2.3 Distinguished Names
The distinguished name (DN) of a managed object consists of
a sequence of relative distinguished names (RDN), one for
each managed object on the naming path from the root to the
managed object. Each relative distinguished name contains
exactly one attribute, the "naming" attribute for the
corresponding class, as specified by a NAME BINDING
template. This DN is used as the CMIP ManagedObjectInstance
or BaseObjectInstance parameter for identifying managed
objects.
For example, a distinguished name designating a particular
routing table entry (of class ipRouteEntry) might be:
{
{systemId = {troi.mitre.org}
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-- ISO/CCITT system
{internetClassId = {iimcAutoTrans 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 0}}
-- ip
{internetClassId = {iimcAutoTrans 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 0}}
-- ipRouteTable
{internetClassId =
{iimcAutoTrans 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1 129 83 217}}
-- ipRouteEntry
}
2.3 OID Translation
The procedures required to translate between Internet
registered OIDs and names, and ISO/CCITT registered
attribute and class OIDs are described in this section.
2.3.1 OID/Name Translation ISO/CCITT to Internet
The general procedure for deriving ISO/CCITT registered OIDs
from Internet OIDs was explained in 2.1, and the structure
of the naming attribute value was explained in 2.2. This
paragraph explains how the information used in an ISO/CCITT
class OID, attribute OID, and the naming attribute value may
be used to create the identifier for naming Internet
objects.
The following definitions apply: ((c) and (a) refer to class
and attribute, respectively)
From 2.1,
{classOID} ::= {iimcAutoTrans
<internetEntityId>(c)}
and
{attributeOID} ::= {iimcAutoTrans
<internetEntityId>(a)}
For example, examine the ipRouteEntry object class OID:
ipRouteEntry ::= {iimcAutoTrans 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1}
where <internetEntityId>(c) ::= 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1,
and an attribute that belongs ipRouteEntry, ipRouteNextHop:
ipRouteNextHop ::=
{iimcAutoTrans 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1 7}
where <internetEntityId>(a) ::= 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1 7.
Note that the attribute <internetEntityId>(a)
foripRouteNextHop is equal to <internetEntityId>(c) for its
associated object class, ipRouteEntry, with the sub-
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identifier (7) appended to it. Most of the time the
relationship:
<internetEntityId>(a) ::= <internetEntityId>(c)
<sub-identifier>
is true for translated MIB attributes. This property is
useful for determining the object class and object instance
with which an attribute may be associated during run-time
translation of Internet object instances contained in SNMP
response PDUs and traps/notifications.
However, when attributes that were not a part of the
original Internet group, table, or table entry, are included
in a translated object class, then this relationship is not
valid. For example, derived attributes assigned to an
object class because their inclusion was indicated by an
SNMPv2 AUGMENTS clause, as discussed in 3.1, or because post
processing procedures added new attributes.
From 2.2, the ISO/CCITT naming attribute value contains the
OID formed as, (the "( )" indicates "contents of"):
(naming attribute) ::= {iimcAutoTrans
<internetEntityId>(c)
<internet instanceId>}
where the <internet instanceId>, the OID created uniquely
for each Internet object instance, is "0" for object classes
that may only have a single instance. The <internet
instanceId> for object classes that may have multiple
instances is an OID fragment derived from the values of the
internet objects identified in the INDEX (or AUGMENTS)
clause of the Internet Macro from which the object class is
derived, as defined in [RFC1155] or [SNMPv2SMI].
For example, the ISO/CCITT naming attribute value for the
instance of ipRouteEntry specific to IP address 129 83 2 17
is{iimcAutoTrans 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1 129 83 2 17}, where
<internetEntityId>(c) ::= 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1, and
<internetinstanceId> ::= 129 83 2 17.
The Internet uses the following convention to uniquely
identify an Internet object instance:
{internet object name}::= {<internetEntityId>(a)
<internet instanceId>}
For example, the internet object name for ipRouteNextHop
corresponding to IP address 129 83 2 17 is {1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21
1 7 129 83 217}, where <internetEntityId>(a) ::= 1 3 6 1 2 1
4 21 1 7, <internetinstanceId> ::=129 83 2 17.
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Therefore, given the contents of the naming attribute for
the ISO/CCITT object instance being accessed, the <internet
instanceId> is extracted. Given the attributeOID for the
attribute being operated upon, the<internetEntityId>(a) is
extracted. The {internet object name} is then formed from
the results.
For example, assume that a CMIS request is issued specifying
a distinguished name for an ipRouteEntry managed object as
illustrated in 2.2.3; and an attribute for ipRouteEntry, say
ipRouteNextHop. The ipRouteNextHop attribute has been
assigned the identifier {iimcAutoTrans 1 3 6 1 2 1 4 21 1 7}
in the MIB defined in [IIMCMIB-II]. Therefore, the
ipRouteNextHop attribute identifier would first have to be
translated into the corresponding Internet identifier {1 3 6
1 2 1 4 21 1 7} by stripping off the iimcAutoTrans portion
of the OID. Then, from the RDN value for the ipRouteEntry
extract the <internet instanceId> {129 83 217}. Finally the
Internet identification for this piece of management
information would be constructed according to RFC1213 as
{ipRouteNextHop 129 83 2 17}, or equivalently, {1 3 6 1 2 1
4 21 1 7 129 83 2 17}. The agent with which this
information resides is identified (see 2.2.3), either in the
"cmipsnmpProxyAgent" RDN, or the "systemId", as
"troi.mitre.org."
2.3.2 OID/Name Translation Internet to ISO/CCITT
Internet to ISO/CCITT OID/name translation is only necessary
when used during run-time proxy translation. At run-time
internet identifiers are provided as internet object names
in SNMP responses and traps/notifications. The internet
object names are of the form described in 2.3.1. Although
actual translation is required only during run-time in proxy
implementations, the translation properties, and information
that may be obtained, must be understood in order to
properly define the structure of the IIMC generic
notification, internetAlarm, defined in 3.2.5.
Given the definitions shown in 2.3.1, and knowledge of the
IIMC naming hierarchy (name bindings), the ISO/CCITT
{classOID},{attributeOID}, and distinguished name can be
derived from Internet names and the Internet agent address.
- The iimcAutoTrans OID is known.
- Using knowledge of the internet name structure as
described in 2.3.1, and knowledge of valid
<internetEntityId>(a) values known to the proxy, the
<internetEntityId>(a) and <internet instanceId> may be
extracted from the internet name.
Note: The extraction process is not possible if the
valid <internetEntityId>(a) value is not known to the
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proxy. The translation process cannot be performed.
- The ISO/CCITT attribute OID is formed as:
{iimcAutoTrans <internetEntityId>(a)}
- the ISO/CCITT class OID may be determined in one of two
ways:
i) assume that the <internetEntityId>(a) contains the
object class OID, <internetEntityId>(c), with which the
attribute may be associated, as discussed in 2.3.1. Then
stripping off the final component of the OID will yield the
<internetEntityId>(c). The object class OID is then formed
as {iimcAutoTrans <internetEntityId>(c)}.
ii) use a safer approach, and determine the class OID
by looking up the ISO/CCITT object class OID to which the
attribute identified as {iimcAutoTrans
<internetEntityId>(a)} belongs.
- The managed object instance value, the object's DN, may be
determined as follows:
i) the value of the naming attribute associated with
the object class may be formed as:
{iimcAutoTrans <internetEntityId>(c) <internet instanceId>}
ii) the naming attribute value, and the internetClass
OID defined in 2.2.1, are used to form the final RDN for the
object's DN. The sequence of other RDNs for the DN are
determined from knowledge of the naming hierarchy defined
for proxy [IIMCPROXY], i.e., the IIMC proxy name bindings,
and the Internet agent's address.
Note: if the Internet agent's address cannot be
determined, then it may not be possible to associate a
response or notification with a specific agent. This
may be a problem if multiple Internet agents are
associated with the same network address.
2.4 Inheritance for Object Classes
The "top" class defined by [ISO10165-2] is the ultimate
superior in the ISO/CCITT inheritance hierarchy. The class
"top" contains attributes which are inherited by all managed
object classes that are defined using the ISO/CCITT SMI and
GDMO templates.
Not all attributes of "top" need to be instantiated in any
single managed object. All objects shall instantiate the
mandatory "objectClass", and "nameBindings" attributes. If
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conditional packages may apply, an object shall instantiate
the "packages" attribute.
2.5 Reference Labels for Derived Entities
The labels used to reference Internet entities (groups,
objects, traps) shall be used to reference the corresponding
templates for the derived ISO/CCITT entity (object class,
attribute, notification).
3. Internet to ISO/CCITT MIB Translation Procedures
The procedures for translating Internet SMI MIBs into
ISO/CCITT SMI MIBs consist of pre-translation procedures,
GDMO template translation procedures, and post-translation
procedures. Many of the procedures are subject to
automation; some are not. Comments are provided concerning
possible aids to automation; however, it is not the intent
of this document to provide automated translation
algorithms.
3.1 Pre-translation Procedures
Pre-translation procedures are outlined below. The
rationale for steps (a) - (e) is that the ISO/CCITT object
classes and associated attributes must be identified. The
rationale for steps (f) - (g) is that all ASN.1 syntax
references in templates must be an
ASN.1Externaltypereference or Externalvaluereference, i.e.,
must reference a label that appears on the left side of an
ASN.1 construct within some ASN.1 module that appears in the
document that defines the derived MIB. Internet MIBs often
reference basic ASN.1 constructs, such as INTEGER and OCTET
STRING, which must be converted into an
Externaltypereference. Default values must reference an
Externalvaluereference.
(a) Identify Internet groups and OBJECT-TYPEs
associated with each group. For SNMPv2 defined MIBs, the
OBJECT-GROUP macro includes this information. For SNMPv1
defined MIBs, the group may be identified manually and then
the members of the group identified by the fact that their
OIDs contain the group object identifier. For SNMPv1
defined MIBs, procedure (c) must be followed.
(b) Identify conceptual table OBJECT-TYPEs, conceptual
table entry (row) OBJECT-TYPEs associated with each table,
and columnar OBJECT-TYPEs associated with each conceptual
table entry.
Note: For SNMPv2 defined MIBs, the MAX-ACCESS clause of the
conceptual table and entry OBJECT-TYPES macro will have a
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value of 'not-accessible', and the convention often used is
to include the word "Table" or "Entry" in the macro label.
Once a conceptual table has been identified, the
corresponding conceptual entry OBJECT-TYPE macro can be
identified via its registered object identifier through the
convention of appending a 1 to the table object identifier.
Alternatively, the conceptual table's SYNTAX clause may be
examined to determine the label of the corresponding
conceptual entry Macro. SNMPv1 defined MIBs are not so
consistent in their use of "not-accessible"; however, the
other conventions apply.
Note: For SNMPv2 defined MIBs, tables may be defined with
table entries that augment (SNMPv2 AUGMENT clause) entries
for an existing table. The table object classes derived
from such tables will be deleted from the ISO/CCITT MIB
during post-translation (see 3.3.3). The table entry object
class for the deleted table will be bound to the table entry
object class that corresponds to the reference in the
AUGMENTS clause.
(c) For each group, the OBJECT-TYPEs not identified in
procedure (b), and not having an ACCESS or MAX-ACCESS clause
value of "not-accessible", are identified for translation
into attributes of an ISO/CCITT object class associated with
the group. The OBJECT-TYPEs that have an ACCESS or MAX-
ACCESS clause of 'not-accessible' are not translated.
(d) For each conceptual table entry OBJECT-TYPE, the
set (set1) of columnar OBJECT-TYPEs associated with the
table entry are identified for translation into ISO/CCITT
attributes of an ISO/CCITT object class associated with the
entry. Another set (set2) of OBJECT-TYPES identified in the
INDEX clause of the conceptual table entry OBJECT-TYPE are
also identified for inclusion in the class. If the AUGMENTS
clause is present, then the INDEX clause of the conceptual
table entry OBJECT-TYPE pointed to by the AUGMENTS clause
identifies the elements of (set2). The union of these two
sets constitutes the set of ISO/CCITT attributes associated
with the table entry object class. All OBJECT-TYPEs are
translated, including those that have an ACCESS or MAX-
ACCESS clause of 'not-accessible'.
Note: The set of columnar OBJECT-TYPES associated with a
table entry can be identified by the SYNTAX clause for the
OBJECT-TYPE for the conceptual table entry. The SYNTAX
clause is of the form:
SEQUENCE OF <type1,..., typeN>
where <typek> includes the label of an OBJECT-TYPE included
in the conceptual table entry.
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(e) For each conceptual table, an ISO/CCITT object
class is created that contains the generic naming attribute
"internetClassId". OBJECT-TYPES, if any, that are directly
associated with the table become attributes of that table.
(f) Create an ASN.1 module for use in the GDMO template
translations. For each OBJECT-TYPE that is to be translated
into an ISO/CCITT attribute, check the value of the SYNTAX
clause, and if it is not one of the Internet attribute types
defined by the SNMPv1 or SNMPv2 SMI (e.g., Counter,
IpAddress, Gauge, TimeTicks, Opaque, Counter32, Gauge32,
Counter64, NsapAddress), or defined using an SNMPv2 TEXTUAL-
CONVENTION macro, then do one of the following:
i) If the value is not an Externaltypereference:
create an Externaltypereference for the value in
the SYNTAX clause and put it into the ASN.1 module.
The label for the Externaltypereference shall be
the attribute label with the first letter
capitalized.
ii) If the value is an Externaltypereference:
put the Externaltypereference syntax into the
ASN.1 module.
g) If a DEFVAL clause is present, create an
Externalvaluereference which has the type indicated by the
OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX clause and is assigned the value of the
DEFVAL clause. The label for the Externalvaluereference
shall be the attribute label preceded by "c_" (lower case
letter "c"). Place the Externalvaluereference into the
ASN.1 module created in f).
Note: automatic translation of some DEFVAL clauses into
valid Externalvaluereferences may not be possible.
Placeholders may be put into the ASN.1 module, e.g.,
reference label and DEFVAL clause value, for later
manual translation during post processing. Also,
repeated values may then be collapsed into a single
reference.
h) If the ASN.1 module for the Internet MIB definition
contains ASN.1 value assignments, then the syntax for those
value assignments pertinent to the translation shall either
be placed in the ASN.1 module created in (f) or imported
into the module using an Externalvaluereference.
Note: A syntax that is used more than once in the MIB to be
translated shall be defined just once in the new ASN.1
module created in(f) and referenced repeatedly.
For convenience, an ASN.1 module of common definitions for
Externaltypereferences of the basic ASN.1 types included in
the SNMPv1 SMI and SNMPv2 SMI (e.g., INTEGER, OCTET STRING)
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is defined in 4.5. The Externaltypereferences in this
module must either be imported into a local ASN.1 module
within the document that defines the derived MIB, or
appropriate equivalent references need to be declared within
the local ASN.1 module.
3.2 GDMO Translation Procedures
Readers of this document are assumed to have familiarity
with the GDMO templates and their format. The templates
presented here should be considered exemplar, and not
definitive.
The GDMO templates in this paragraph contain elements
indicated by "< x >", where "x" is to be interpreted and the
result substituted into the template.
The "||" symbol indicates concatenation of elements.
Adjacent elements that are not concatenated shall be
separated by at least one space.
The "[ ]" symbols surrounding a construct indicate that it
maybe present or absent in any particular instance of the
template.
The "[ ]*" symbols surrounding a construct indicate that it
may be present or absent in any particular instance of the
template an undefined number of times.
An "|" symbol is used to indicate that a choice must be
made between alternate constructs.
The "!" symbol is used to delimit text strings in the
templates. Other delimiters may be used, as specified by
the GDMO. The delimiter may not be used in the text string
unless it is "doubled", e.g.,"!!".
Elements that are defined in one template are not repeated
for other templates unless its interpretation has changed.
Note: other SNMPv2 SMI macro clauses contain textual or
other information that may be inserted into the BEHAVIOUR
clause of the an ISO/CCITT template, e.g., UNITS, REFERENCE.
Provisions for including information in these macro clauses
are not explicitly described in the translation procedures
below, however the contents of these clauses should be
included in the BEHAVIOUR clause.
The Internet SNMPv2 SMI also includes macros for specifying
compliance with the MIBs. These macros are similar to
ISO/CCITT managed object conformance statements (MOCS), and
are not addressed here.
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3.2.1 Translation of Groups
Internet groups may be translated to ISO/CCITT managed
object classes by filling in the following GDMO template:
<group label> MANAGED OBJECT CLASS
DERIVED FROM
"Rec. X.721 | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992" :top;
CHARACTERIZED BY
<group label> || "Pkg" PACKAGE
[BEHAVIOUR
<group label> || "PkgBehaviour" BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS !<optional textual definition>!;;]
ATTRIBUTES
{iimcManagementDoc 1}:internetClassId GET
["," <OBJECT-TYPE label n>
<OBJECT-TYPE label n ACCESS clause translation>
[DEFAULT VALUE <DEFVAL clause translation>]]*;;;
REGISTERED AS { iimcAutoTrans <internetEntityId>(c) };
The following definitions apply:
<group label> - The label associated with the Internet
group.
<optional textual definition> - Any textual description
that is applicable to the resource modeled by this
group, and the resource's management behaviour. Text in
the SNMPv2 DESCRIPTION clause of the OBJECT-GROUP macro
may be used. To facilitate parsing of BEHAVIOUR clauses
for classes derived from groups, the following parsable
structure is recommended (the [] indicate optionality,
keywords must be in caps, keywords shall be excluded
from the descriptive text):
[PARSE
[REFERENCE !!<text referencing internet document, group
or object from which the ISO/CCITT object class was
derived>!!;]
];
ENDPARSE ]
If used, the parsable structure shall be the first text
in the BEHAVIOUR clause.
<OBJECT-TYPE label n> - The label of an Internet
OBJECT-TYPE which is included in the group and does not
represent a conceptual table, a conceptual table entry,
or an OBJECT-TYPE included in a conceptual table entry.
These become attributes of the object class.
<OBJECT-TYPE label n ACCESS clause translation> -
The mapping of the ACCESS (or SNMPv2 MAX-ACCESS) clause
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value as defined below (multi-valued attributes are not
permitted in the Internet SMI):
OBJECT-TYPE
ACCESS Clause Value* ISO/CCITT
read-only GET
read-write GET-REPLACE
write-only REPLACE
read-create GET-REPLACE
<DEFVAL clause translation> - The value of the DEFVAL
clause in the form of an Externalvaluereference, i.e.,
<module-name>.<value-name>, where the module-name is the
name of an ASN.1 module within the document in which
this object class is defined, and the value-name is the
label assigned to the ASN.1 value definition contained
in the DEFVAL clause. Where it is necessary to refer to
the label of a definition contained in another document
this may be achieved by means of a local ASN.1 module
which makes use of the ASN.1 IMPORTS mechanism to
import the appropriate value definition.
3.2.2 Translation of Table Objects
Internet conceptual table objects may be translated to
ISO/CCITT managed object classes by filling in the
following GDMO template:
<OBJECT-TYPE label> MANAGED OBJECT CLASS
DERIVED FROM
"Rec. X.721 | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992" :top;
CHARACTERIZED BY
<OBJECT-TYPE label> || "Pkg" PACKAGE
[BEHAVIOUR
<OBJECT-TYPE label> || "PkgBehaviour" BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!<OBJECT-TYPE DESCRIPTION clause text>!;;]
ATTRIBUTES
{iimcManagementDoc 1}:internetClassId GET;;;
REGISTERED AS { iimcAutoTrans <internetEntityId>(c) };
The following definitions apply:
<OBJECT-TYPE label> - The label associated with the
OBJECT-TYPE macro.
<OBJECT-TYPE DESCRIPTION clause text> - The text in the
DESCRIPTION clause and any additional text deemed
appropriate to defining the behaviour of the object
class. To facilitate parsing of BEHAVIOUR
clauses for classes derived from tables, the following
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parsable structure is recommended (the [] indicate
optionality, keywords must be in caps, keywords shall
be excluded from the descriptive text):
[PARSE
[REFERENCE !!<text referencing the internet document,
group or object from which the ISO/CCITT object
class was derived>!!;]
];
ENDPARSE ]
If used, the parsable structure shall be the first text
in the BEHAVIOUR clause.
3.2.3 Translation of Table Entry Objects
Internet conceptual table entry objects may be translated to
ISO/CCITT managed object classes by filling in the
following GDMO template:
<OBJECT-TYPE label> MANAGED OBJECT CLASS
DERIVED FROM
"Rec. X.721 | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992" :top;
CHARACTERIZED BY
<OBJECT-TYPE label> || "Pkg" PACKAGE
BEHAVIOUR
<OBJECT-TYPE label> || "PkgBehaviour" BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!<OBJECT-TYPE DESCRIPTION clause text>!;;
ATTRIBUTES
{iimcManagementDoc 1}:internetClassId GET
["," <OBJECT-TYPE label n>
<OBJECT-TYPE label n ACCESS clause translation>
[DEFAULT VALUE <DEFVAL clause translation>]]*;;;
REGISTERED AS {iimcAutoTrans <internetEntityId>(c) };
The following definitions apply:
<OBJECT-TYPE label> - The label of an Internet
OBJECT-TYPE which represents a conceptual table entry.
<OBJECT-TYPE label n> - The label of an Internet
OBJECT-TYPE which represents an OBJECT-TYPE included in
a conceptual table entry. These become attributes of
the table entry managed object.
<OBJECT-TYPE DESCRIPTION clause text> - The text in the
DESCRIPTION clause and any additional text deemed
appropriate to defining the behaviour of the object
class. To facilitate parsing of BEHAVIOUR clauses for
classes derived from table entries, the following
parsable structure is recommended (the [] indicate
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optionality, keywords must be in caps, keywords shall
be excluded from the descriptive text):
[PARSE
[REFERENCE !!<text referencing internet document, group
or object from which the ISO/CCITT object class was
derived>!!;]
[MULTIPLEINSTANCES
INDEX <attribute label, ..., attribute label>;
[AUGMENTS <entry label that the object class
augments>;]
[CREATEDELETEATT <label of attribute used for
creation and deletion of entries>;]
[CREATEDELETEVALUE SNMPV2ROWSTATUS | <value of
create/delete attribute indicating deletion>;]
ENDMULTIPLEINSTANCES]
ENDPARSE]
If used, the parsable structure shall be the first text
in the BEHAVIOUR clause.
The SNMPV2ROWSTATUS keyword indicates that the
definition of the attribute type rowStatus (see 4),
designed for use in SNMP row creation and deletion,
is the CREATEDELETEATT attribute type. The semantics
and syntax of rowStatus are appropriate for a proxy to
use for row creation and deletion.
Note: Table object classes that contain table entry object
classes which were derived from OBJECT-TYPES with an
AUGMENTS clause shall be deleted in the post-translation
phase according to 3.3.2.
3.2.4 Translation of Other OBJECT-TYPES
Other Internet OBJECT-TYPEs are translated into ISO/CCITT
attributes by filling in the following GDMO template:
<OBJECT-TYPE label> ATTRIBUTE
[WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
<module identification>|| "." ||
<SYNTAX clause translation 1>;]
| [DERIVED FROM <SYNTAX clause translation 2>;]
[MATCHES FOR <SYNTAX clause type matching rules>;]
[BEHAVIOUR
<OBJECT-TYPE label> || "Behaviour" BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!<OBJECT-TYPE DESCRIPTION clause text>!;;]
REGISTERED AS {iimcAutoTrans <internetEntityId>(a)};
The following definitions apply:
<module identification> - The label of the ASN.1 module
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that contains the ASN.1 syntax being referenced. The
module must appear in the document that defines the
translated MIB.
ISO/CCITT have the concept of a generic "attribute type",
which is a defined type that can be used in the definition
of specific attributes. Attribute types have a defined
syntax, generic semantics, and matching rules. For example,
counter and gauge are attribute types.
The SNMPv2 SMI has a similar concept embodied in the
TEXTUAL-CONVENTIONS macro, which allows the definition of
"Internet attribute types" with associated syntax and
semantics. See 3.2.6 for translation procedures associated
with the TEXTUAL CONVENTIONS macro.
Attributes of the defined SNMP types (Counter, IpAddress,
Gauge, TimeTicks, Opaque, Counter32, Gauge32, Counter64,
NsapAddress) shall inherit the semantics associated with the
type - not just the syntax. As such, they could have been
defined as Internet attribute types using a TEXTUAL
CONVENTIONS macro. See 4 for the conversion of these types
into ISO/CCITT attribute types. In addition, 4 contains
ISO/CCITT attribute type definitions derived from
[SNMPv2TC].
Attribute templates derived from OBJECT-TYPE macros that
specify these Internet attribute types in their SYNTAX
clause shall contain the DERIVED FROM clause. Attribute
templates derived from other ASN.1 types shall contain the
WITH SYNTAX clause.
<SYNTAX clause translation 1> - Translation of the
SYNTAX clause into a valid type reference name using
the ASN.1 Externaltypereference notation as GDMO
requires.
<SYNTAX clause type matching rules> - The matching
rules for use in CMIS filtering operations.
Note: This normally is a manual process; however
matching rules that generally apply to attributes
having a simple universal ASN.1 syntax are provided in
the table below. These rules also to
Externaltypereferences that reference the syntax type.
These matching rules may be applied by automated
mechanisms and then examined in the post-translation
phase.
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Syntax Type Matching Rules
INTEGER EQUALITY, ORDERING
OCTET STRING EQUALITY, ORDERING,
SUBSTRINGS
BIT STRING EQUALITY
OBJECT IDENTIFIER EQUALITY, ORDERING
SEQUENCE EQUALITY
See 4.3 for the matching rules that are inherited from
some ISO/CCITT attribute types derived from Internet
attribute types.
<SYNTAX clause translation 2> - Attributes of the
defined SNMP/SNMPv2 types (Counter, IpAddress, Gauge,
TimeTicks, Opaque, Counter32, Gauge32, Counter64,
NsapAddress), and Internet attribute types defined
using the SNMPv2 TEXTUAL CONVENTIONS macro, shall be
treated as ISO/CCITT attribute types. Specific
attributes are derived from these types.
The following table indicates the translations required
for Internet attribute types as defined either in
this document or Internet documents. ISO/CCITT
attribute types corresponding to the following Internet
attribute types are defined in 4.
Syntax Type Substituted Value
AutonomousType {iimcManagementDoc 1} :autonomousType
Counter {iimcManagementDoc 1} :counter32
Counter32 {iimcManagementDoc 1} :counter32
Counter64 {iimcManagementDoc 1} :counter64
DisplayString {iimcManagementDoc 1} :displayString
Gauge {iimcManagementDoc 1} :gauge32
Gauge32 {iimcManagementDoc 1} :gauge32
InstancePointer {iimcManagementDoc 1} :instancePointer
IpAddress {iimcManagementDoc 1} :ipAddress
MacAddress {iimcManagementDoc 1} :macAddress
NsapAddress {iimcManagementDoc 1} :nsapAddress
Opaque {iimcManagementDoc 1} :opaque
PhysAddress {iimcManagementDoc 1} :physAddress
RowStatus {iimcManagementDoc 1} :rowStatus
TestAndIncrement {iimcManagementDoc 1} :testAndIncrement
TimeInterval {iimcManagementDoc 1} :timeInterval
TimeStamp {iimcManagementDoc 1} :timeStamp
TimeTicks {iimcManagementDoc 1} :timeTicks
TruthValue {iimcManagementDoc 1} :truthValue
<OBJECT-TYPE DESCRIPTION clause text> - The text in the
DESCRIPTION clause and any additional text deemed
appropriate to defining the behaviour of the attribute.
To facilitate parsing of BEHAVIOUR clauses for
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attributes derived from internet objects, the following
parsable structure is recommended (the [] indicate
optionality, keywords must be in caps, keywords shall
be excluded from the descriptive text):
[BEGINPARSE
[REFERENCE <text referencing internet document, object
from which the ISO/CCITT attribute was derived>;]
[UNITS <text indicating the units associated with the
attribute>;]
[DISPLAY-HINT <as defined in SNMPv2TC>;
[DEFVAL <default value for attribute>;]
ENDPARSE]
If used, the parsable structure shall be the first text
in the BEHAVIOUR clause.
3.2.5 Translation of Notifications
The Concise MIB Definitions [RFC1212] for SNMPv1 does not
contain a macro for representing traps since, in SNMPv1,
traps were considered part of the protocol and not part of
the MIB. A subsequent attempt was made to correct this
problem in [RFC1215] by defining a TRAP-TYPE macro. The
SNMPv2 SMI [SNMPv2SMI] defines a NOTIFICATION macro and its
mapping onto an SNMPv2 PDU. The document on SNMPv1/SNMPv2
Coexistence [SNMPv2COEX] defines a mapping between SNMPv1
trap PDUs and SNMPv2 notifications. Therefore, by
inference, there exists a mapping of SNMP trap PDUs into an
SNMPv2 NOTIFICATION macro.
The ISO/CCITT SMI models notifications as being emitted by
specific managed objects. As a consequence, notifications
must be assigned to appropriate object classes at the time
the object class is defined. New notifications cannot be
added to an object class without changing the class's
registration.
The Internet SMI has no explicit concept of traps being
associated with an object. Consequently, determining the
IIMC derived managed object which is the source of a
notification is not always possible. Therefore, this
document defines a generic notification into which all
Internet traps/notifications may be mapped.
Internet Traps/Notifications may contain information related
to multiple internet objects. Consequently, the generic
notification may contain variables not affiliated with the
same derived ISO/CCITT object class. This document requires
that variables be placed into the generic notification even
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if they are not attributes of the object class from which
the notification is emitted.
The generic notification, "internetAlarm", shall be emitted
by the internetSystem managed object as defined in [IIMCMIB-
II] and derived from the internet system group defined in
RFC1213. The notification shall be sent in the unconfirmed
mode in the context that an Internet trap/notification would
be sent, and in the confirmed mode in the context that an
SNMPv2 InformRequest PDU would be sent.
When generated within a proxy, the events that shall trigger
the notification to be emitted are the receipt of an
Internet trap/notification, or an SNMPv2 InformRequest PDU.
In accordance with [ISO10165-1] the decision whether to send
a notification in the confirmed or unconfirmed mode is a
matter for the agent to determine based on the policies
associated with the manager.
The SNMPv2 InformRequest PDU shall cause the notification to
be sent in the confirmed mode, with the response containing
no reply information, i.e., the CMIS service shall omit the
event reply parameter.
All SNMP traps/notifications shall cause the generic
notification to be sent in the unconfirmed mode.
In the case of proxy, an Internet trap/notification and
SNMPv2 InformRequest PDU for which the agent address cannot
be determined by the proxy shall cause the generic
notification to be emitted by a different object than the
internetSystem object, as defined in [IIMCPROXY].
internetAlarm NOTIFICATION
BEHAVIOUR
internetAlarmBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!This is a generic notification for translated
Internet SNMPv1 traps and SNMPv2 notifications.
The attributeIdentifierList, and objectInstanceList
fields contain information which may be duplicated
in other fields. They are included to facilitate
filtering of notifications on the basis of
contained attributes and the object instances to
which the notification may pertain.
The probableCause field shall contain the
snmpTrapOID as derived in clause 2.1.2. This
uniquely distinguishes SNMP traps and may be used
for filtering. Only the "globalValue", i.e., OID,
form of the probableCause syntax shall be used.
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The attributeIdentifierList field shall contain the
attribute identifiers for the attributes derived
from the varBind components of the SNMP variable-
bindings list. This field is optional.
The objectInstanceList field shall contain the
object instances associated with the attributes
derived from the varBind components of the SNMP
variable-bindings list. This field is optional.
The internetTrapInfo field shall contain the
attributes and their values, and optionally their
associated object instances, as derived from the
varBind components of the SNMP variable-bindings
list. This field is optional.
The unknownVarBindList shall consist of the
sequence of varBinds contained in the variable-
bindings list for which translation was not
possible, i.e., the attribute OID and object
instance information could not be determined.
This field is optional.
The perceivedSeverity, notificationIdentifier, and
correlatedNotification field semantics are as
defined in [ISO10164-4], and the syntax is as
defined in [ISO10165-2]. These fields are
optional.
The transportDomain field shall contain the
OID for the transport protocol associated with the
Internet agent that sent the alarm. This
field is optional.
The transportAddress field shall contain the
transport layer address of the Internet agent
that issued the SNMP trap/notification. The
format of the field shall be in accordance with
the transportDomain format. This field is
optional.
The accessControlInfo field shall contain the
access control information associated with the
trap/notification, i.e., either the community
string or the party information. This field is
optional.!;;
WITH INFORMATION SYNTAX
IimcCommonDef.InternetAlarmInfo;
AND ATTRIBUTE IDS
probableCause
"Rec. X.721 | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992":
probableCause,
attributeIdentifierList
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"Rec. X.721 | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992":
attributeIdentifierList,
objectInstanceList objectInstanceList,
perceivedSeverity
"Rec. X.721 | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992":
perceivedSeverity,
notificationIdentifier
"Rec. X.721 | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992":
notificationIdentifier,
correlatedNotification
"Rec. X.721 | ISO/IEC 10165-2 : 1992":
correlatedNotification,
transportDomain transportDomain,
transportAddress transportAddress;
REGISTERED AS {iimcManagementNot 1};
objectInstanceList ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.ObjectInstanceList;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, SET-COMPARISON, SET-INTERSECTION;
BEHAVIOUR
objectInstanceListBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!This attribute is used for filtering on the object
instances associated with internetAlarms.!;;
REGISTERED AS {iimcManagementAtt 1};
transportAddress ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IIMCCommonDef.TransportAddress;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, SUBSTRINGS;
BEHAVIOUR
transportAddressBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!The transport service address by which the party
receives network management traffic, formatted
according to the corresponding value of
transportDomain. For snmpUDPDomain, transportAddress
is formatted as a 4-octet IP Address concatenated
with a 2-octet UDP port number.!;;
REGISTERED AS {iimcManagementAtt 2};
transportDomain ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
IIMCCommonDef.TransportDomain;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY;
BEHAVIOUR
transportDomainBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!Indicates the kind of transport service by which
the party receives network management traffic. An
example of a transport domain is 'rfc1351Domain'
(SNMP over UDP).!;;
REGISTERED AS {iimcManagementAtt 3};
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The referenced syntax is included in the IIMCCommonDef ASN.1
module in 5.
3.2.6 Translation of Internet Attribute Types
ISO/CCITT has the concept of a generic "attribute type",
which is a defined type that can be used in the definition
of specific attributes. Attribute types have a defined
syntax, generic semantics, and matching rules. For example,
counter and gauge are attribute types.
The SNMPv2 SMI has a similar concept embodied in the
TEXTUAL-CONVENTION macro, which allows the definition of
"Internet attribute types" with associated syntax and
semantics.
Attributes of the defined SNMP types (e.g., Counter,
IpAddress, Gauge, TimeTicks, Opaque, Counter32, Gauge32,
Counter64, NsapAddress) should inherit the semantics
associated with the type - not just the syntax. As such,
they could have been defined as Internet attribute types
using a TEXTUAL-CONVENTION macro.
ISO/CCITT attribute types are defined using the ATTRIBUTE
template, without the REGISTERED AS clause.
<Internet attribute type label> ATTRIBUTE
[WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
<module identification>|| "." ||
<SYNTAX clause translation 1>;
| [DERIVED FROM <SYNTAX clause translation 2>;]
[MATCHES FOR
<SYNTAX clause type matching rules>;]
[BEHAVIOUR
<Internet attribute type label> || "Behaviour"
BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!<OBJECT-TYPE DESCRIPTION clause text>!;;]
The following definitions apply:
<Internet attribute type label> - The label associated
with the TEXTUAL-CONVENTION macro, or with the
generic type that could have been defined using that
macro.
<OBJECT-TYPE DESCRIPTION clause text> - Text from the
DESCRIPTION clause and any additional text deemed
appropriate to defining the behaviour of the attribute.
To facilitate parsing of BEHAVIOUR clauses for
attributes derived from internet objects, the following
parsable structure is recommended (the [] indicate
optionality, keywords must be in caps, keywords shall
be excluded from the descriptive text):
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[BEGINPARSE
[REFERENCE <text referencing internet document, object
from which the ISO/CCITT attribute was derived>;]
[UNITS <text indicating display hint for values of
attribute>;]
[DEFVAL <default value for attribute>;]
ENDPARSE]
If used, the parsable structure shall be the first text
in the BEHAVIOUR clause.
Attribute templates derived from OBJECT-TYPE macros that
specify Internet attribute types in their SYNTAX clause
shall specify the corresponding ISO/CCITT attribute types in
their DERIVED FROM clause.
Note: In many cases, an SNMP SMI MIB will define a new ASN.1
type which is repeatedly referenced by a large number of
OBJECT-TYPE macros. In this case, it would be useful to
define a new generic attribute once and then use DERIVED
FROM wherever the type is used. Furthermore, if the new
ASN.1 type is actually a refinement of one of the defined
SNMP types (for example, a refinement of DisplayString), it
is desirable that the behaviour associated with the defined
SNMP type gets carried over into the translated MIB. To
accomplish this, such cases could use the DERIVED FROM
clause when defining new generic attributes. For example,
the ASN.1 syntax:
DateAndTime ::= DisplayString (SIZE (14))
-- comments provide additional semantics
could be represented as a new generic attribute:
dateAndTime ATTRIBUTE
DERIVED FROM {iimcManagementDocMan 1}:displayString;
BEHAVIOUR dateAndTimeBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS !<text from comments>!;;
3.3 Post-translation Procedures
Post-translation procedures generally include manual
checking of the BEHAVIOUR clause text for proper behaviour
definitions, the addition of information concerning
variables for creation and deletion in the case of NAME
BINDING templates, and the creation of name bindings for
placing the derived ISO/CCITT objects into the containment
hierarchy. However, sometimes the procedures are not so
straightforward.
Post-translation may also be required for the ASN.1 module
created during the translation process.
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Post-translation procedures may result in deletion of some
ISO/CCITT MIB elements derived from the procedures described
in 2.2, or the assignment of notifications to be emitted by
the object class.
3.3.1 Post-translation of BEHAVIOUR Cause
The SNMP and SNMPv2 text descriptions often contain
SNMP/SNMPv2 protocol, or SMI, relevant information that is
inappropriate for an ISO/CCITT object class or attribute;
such text should be removed or properly modified.
Text descriptions of events that may trigger the emission of
notifications should be included.
For BEHAVIOUR clauses in NAME BINDING templates, the
behaviour of the object relative to creation and deletion,
and any constraints that pertain, should be explained,
especially if the action causes an effect on the resource,
e.g., deletion of a transport connection object may cause
the transport connection to be terminated.
The parsable structures within the BEHAVIOUR clause should
be checked for completeness and missing fields filled in.
3.3.2 Deletion of Derived MIB Elements
Tables which contain entries that augment the entries of
another table shall be deleted from the derived MIB. The
corresponding entries shall be bound to the table entries
that they augment.
The reason for this is that the ISO/CCITT SMI prohibits
adding attributes to an object class. The solution used in
this document is to make a table entry object class that
augments another table entry the direct subordinate of the
table entry object class being augmented. The table is no
longer needed.
3.3.3 Creation of NAME BINDING Templates
The ISO/CCITT name bindings for object classes to be bound
into the naming hierarchy described in 2.2.2 are created by
filling in the GDMO template defined below.
<subordinate-superior MOC labels> || "NB" NAME BINDING
SUBORDINATE OBJECT CLASS
<object class label> AND SUBCLASSES;
NAMED BY SUPERIOR OBJECT CLASS
<superior object class label> AND SUBCLASSES;
WITH ATTRIBUTE
{iimcManagementDoc 1}:internetClassId;
[CREATE [<create modifier>];]
[DELETE [<delete-modifier>];]
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REGISTERED AS { <name binding OID>};
<subordinate-superior MOC labels> - the combination of
the subordinate and superior managed object class
reference labels separated by a hyphen. An example of
the resulting label is: ip-systemNB.
<superior object class label> - the reference label of
the superior object class in the naming hierarchy.
Table object classes, derived from conceptual tables,
have the object class derived from the group in which
they were defined as their superior. One way to
determine the group is to use the structure of the OID
for the table object, i.e., it contains the internet
specific portion of the OID for the group. However, if
the table object class contains entries that were
derived from Internet OBJECT-TYPES that contained an
AUGMENTS clause, then the table is deleted from the MIB.
Table entry object classes, derived from conceptual
table entries, have the corresponding table object class
as their superior. One way to determine the table is to
use the structure of the OID for the table entry object
class, i.e., it contains the internet specific portion
of the OID for the table. However, table entry object
classes derived from OBJECT-TYPES that contain an
AUGMENTS clause have the table entry object class
derived from the OBJECT-TYPE referenced in the AUGMENTS
clause as their superior.
The Internet SMI only allows the possibility of conceptual
table entries being created and deleted. Many table entries
are automatically created and deleted as a result of normal
resource operation, and are not appropriate for creation and
deletion by management means. However, dynamic creation and
deletion of such objects by management may still be desired,
e.g., for interface cards that may be dynamically added or
removed. Another example is to allow the deletion of
transport connections by management, thereby causing the
transport connection to be terminated.
For SNMPv2 defined MIBs, if the table entry contains an
OBJECT-TYPE that has a SYNTAX clause value of "RowStatus"
and a MAX-ACCESS clause value of "read-create", then the
table entry may be created and deleted.
For SNMPv1 defined MIBs, the use of "RowStatus" is
inconsistent. Usually, the text definition for the table
entry may need to be consulted to determine if creation and
deletion are allowed, and to determine the columnar object
and associated value which indicates deletion.
<create modifier> - the "WITH-AUTOMATIC-INSTANCE-
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NAMING" modifier may be part of the CREATE clause. The
"WITH-REFERENCE-OBJECT" may also be used.
<delete-modifier> - The delete modifier for the DELETE
clause shall be "DELETES-CONTAINED-OBJECTS" if the table
entry contains an object class added as a result of an
SNMPv2 OBJECT-TYPE AUGMENTS clause.
<name binding OID> - As defined in 2.1.3.
The conventions for name binding registration shall be as
defined below.
Name bindings for ISO/CCITT table and entry type object
classes derived from Internet MIBs shall be automatically
inferred from the Internet registration hierarchy. Thus
object classes derived from Internet conceptual table
objects shall be bound to the object class derived from the
group with which it is associated. Object classes derived
from Internet conceptual table entries shall be bound to the
table object classes with which they are associated.
Object classes derived from Internet groups shall be bound
to the ISO/CCITT system object class defined in [ISO10165-
2].
3.3.4 Post-processing of ASN.1 Module
Automatic translation of some DEFVAL clauses into valid
Externalvaluereferences may not have been possible.
Placeholders may have been put into the ASN.1 module, e.g.,
reference label and DEFVAL clause value, for later manual
translation during post-processing.
It may be possible to collapse repeated values into a single
reference, if desired. However, care must be taken to
ensure that any new reference labels are appropriately
reflected in the templates that reference the old labels.
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4. Common SNMP Derived Attribute Types
Internet Attribute types defined by the SNMPv2 TEXTUAL-
CONVENTION macro are translated into ISO/CCITT attribute
types. Attributes of the defined SNMP types (e.g., Counter,
IpAddress, Gauge, TimeTicks, Opaque, Counter32, Gauge32),
which could also have been defined in a TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
macro, are also considered to be Internet attribute types.
ISO/CCITT Attribute templates derived from these types shall
contain the DERIVED FROM clause.
The following ISO/CCITT attribute types, listed in
alphabetical order, are derived from Internet attribute
types to facilitate Internet MIB translation. Other
attributes may be derived from these types.
autonomousType ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.OctetString;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING, SUBSTRINGS;
BEHAVIOUR
autonomousTypeBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!Represents an independently extensible type
identification value. It may, for example,
indicate a particular subtree with further MIB
definitions, or define a particular type of
protocol or hardware.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
counter32 ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.Counter32;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
counter32Behaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!As defined for counter type in ISO/IEC 10165-2.
Only the value range constraint (0..4294967295) is
added. This corresponds to the type defined in
[SNMPv2SMI] by the same name!;;
counter64 ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.Counter64;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
counter64Behaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!As defined for counter type in ISO/IEC 10165-2.
Only the value range constraint
(0..18446744073709551615) is added.
This corresponds to the type defined in
[SNMPv2SMI]
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by the same name!;;;
dateAndTime ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.DateAndTime;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
dateAndTimeBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!DISPLAY-HINT "2d-1d-1d,1d:1d:1d.1d,1a1d:1d"
A date-time specification.
field octets contents range
----- ------ -------- -----
1 1-2 year 0..65536
2 3 month 1..12
3 4 day 1..31
4 5 hour 0..23
5 6 minutes 0..59
6 7 seconds 0..60
(use 60 for leap-second)
7 8 deci-seconds 0..9
8 9 direction from UT "+"/ "-"
9 10 hours from UT 0..11
10 11 minutes from UT 0..59
For example, Tuesday May 26, 1992 at 1:30:15 PM
EDT would be displayed as:
1992-5-26,13:30:15.0,-4:0
Note that if only local time is known, then
timezone information (fields 8-10) is not present.
This corresponds to the type defined in
[SNMPv2SMI] by the same name!;;;
displayString ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
IimcCommonDef.OctetString;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING, SUBSTRINGS;
BEHAVIOUR
displayStringBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!DISPLAY-HINT "255a"
Represents textual information taken from the NVT
ASCII character set, as defined in pages 4, 10-11
of RFC 854. Any object defined using this syntax
may not exceed 255 characters in length. This
corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC] by
the same name.!;;;
gauge32 ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.Gauge32;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
gauge32Behaviour BEHAVIOUR
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DEFINED AS
!As defined for the integer gauge type in ISO/IEC
10165-2. Only the value range constraint
(0..4294967295) is added.
This corresponds to the type defined in
[SNMPv2SMI] by the same name!;;;
instancePointer ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
IimcCommonDef.ObjectIdentifier;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
instancePointerBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!A pointer to a specific instance of a conceptual
row of a MIB table in the managed device. By
convention, it is the name of the particular
instance of the first columnar object in the
conceptual row.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
ipAddress ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.OctetString;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING, SUBSTRINGS;
BEHAVIOUR
ipAddressBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!This attribute represents a 32-bit internet
address. It is represented as an octet string
of length 4, in network Byte-order.
This corresponds to the type defined in
[SNMPv2SMI] by the same name!;;;
macAddress ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.MacAddress;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING, SUBSTRINGS;
BEHAVIOUR
macAddressBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!DISPLAY-HINT "1x:"
Represents an 802 MAC address represented in the
`canonical' order defined by IEEE 802.1a, i.e.,
as if it were transmitted least significant bit
first, even though 802.5 (in contrast to other
802.x protocols) requires MAC addresses to be
transmitted most significant bit first.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
nsapAddress ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.OctetString;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING, SUBSTRINGS;
BEHAVIOUR
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nsapAddressBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!This attribute represents an ISO/CCITT network
address. It is represented as a variable
length octet string. The first octet of the
string contains a binary value, in the range of
0..20, and indicates the length in octets of
the NSAP. Following the first octet, is the
NSAP expressed in concrete binary notation,
starting with the most significant octet. A
zero-length NSAP is used as a "special"
address, meaning "the default NSAP" (analogous
to the IP address of 0.0.0.0). Such an NSAP
is encoded as a single octet containing the
value 0. All other NSAPS are encoded in at
least 4 octets. This corresponds to the type
defined in [SNMPv2SMI] by the same name!;;;
opaque ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.OctetString;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
opaqueBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!This attribute represents arbitrary ASN.1
syntax. A value is encoded using the Basic
Encoding Rules [ISO8825] into a string of
octets. This, in turn, is encoded as an OCTET
STRING, in effect "double-wrapping" the
original ASN.1 value. This corresponds to the
type defined in [SNMPv2SMI] by the same name.!;;;
physAddress ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.OctetString;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING, SUBSTRINGS;
BEHAVIOUR
physAddressBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!DISPLAY-HINT "1x:"
Represents media- or physical-level addresses.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
rowStatus ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
IimcCommonDef.RowStatus;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
rowStatusBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!The RowStatus textual convention is used to
manage the creation and deletion of conceptual
rows, and is used as the value of the SYNTAX
clause for the status column of a conceptual row
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(as described in Section 7.7.1 of [2].)
The status column has six defined values:
- `active', which indicates that the
conceptual row is available for use by the
managed device;
- `notInService', which indicates that the
conceptual row exists in the agent, but is
unavailable for use by the managed device
(see NOTE below);
- `notReady', which indicates that the
conceptual row exists in the agent, but is
missing information necessary in order to be
available for use by the managed device;
- `createAndGo', which is supplied by a
management station wishing to create a new
instance of a conceptual row and to have it
available for use by the managed device;
- `createAndWait', which is supplied by a
management station wishing to create a new
instance of a conceptual row but not to have
it available for use by the managed device; and,
- `destroy', which is supplied by a
management station wishing to delete all of
the instances associated with an existing
conceptual row.
Whereas five of the six values (all except
`notReady') may be specified in a management
protocol set operation, only three values will be
returned in response to a management protocol
retrieval operation: `notReady', `notInService' or
`active'. That is, when queried, an existing
conceptual row has only three states: it is either
available for use by the managed device (the
status column has value `active'); it is not
available for use by the managed device, though
the agent has sufficient information to make it so
(the status column has value `notInService'); or,
it is not available for use by the managed device,
(the status column has value `notReady').
To summarize the effect of having a conceptual row
with a status column having a SYNTAX clause value
of RowStatus,consider the following state diagram:
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STATE
+--------------+-----------+--------
-----+-------------+
| A | B | C
| D +
| |status col.|status
column| +
|status column | is | is
|statuscolumn +
ACTION |does not exist| notReady |
notInService| isactive +
--------------+--------------+-----------+--------
-----+-------------+
set status |noError ->D|inconsist-
|inconsistent-|inconsistent-+
column to | or | entValue|
Value| Value +
createAndGo |inconsistent- | |
| +
| Value| |
| +
--------------+--------------+-----------+--------
-----+-------------+
set status |noError see 1|inconsist-
|inconsistent-|inconsistent-+
column to | or | entValue|
Value| Value +
createAndWait |wrongValue | |
| +
--------------+--------------+-----------+--------
-----+-------------+
set status |inconsistent- |inconsist- |noError
|noError +
column to | Value| entValue|
| +
active | | |
| +
| | or |
| +
| | |
| +
| |see 2 ->C|
->D| ->D+
--------------+--------------+-----------+--------
-----+-------------+
set status |inconsistent- |inconsist- |noError
|noError ->C+
column to | Value| entValue|
| or +
notInService | | |
->C|wrongValue +
--------------+--------------+-----------+--------
-----+-------------+
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set status |noError |noError |noError
|noError +
column to | | |
| +
destroy | ->A| ->A|
->A| ->A+
--------------+--------------+-----------+--------
-----+-------------+
set any other |see 3 |noError |noError
|noError +
column to some| | |
| +
value | ->A| see 1|
->C| ->D+
--------------+--------------+-----------+--------
-----+-------------+
(1) go to B or C, depending on information
available to the agent.
(2) if other variable bindings in the same PDU
provide values for any missing but required
columns, then noError is returned and state C is
entered.
(3) at the discretion of the agent, either noError
or inconsistentValue may be returned.
NOTE: other processing of the set request may
prevent a noError response from being returned,
e.g., wrongValue, noCreation, etc.
See [SNMPv2TC] for a description of the algorithm
conceptual row creation and deletion.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
testAndIncrement ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
IimcCommonDef.TestAndIncrement;
BEHAVIOUR
testAndIncrementBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!Represents integer-valued information used for
atomic operations. When the management protocol
is used to specify that an object instance having
this syntax is to be modified, the new value
supplied via the management protocol must
precisely match the value presently held by the
instance. If not, the management protocol set
operation fails with an error of
`inconsistentValue'. Otherwise, if the current
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value is the maximum value of 2^31-1 (2147483647
decimal), then the value held by the instance is
wrapped to zero; otherwise, the value held by the
instance is incremented by one. (Note that
regardless of whether the management protocol set
operation succeeds, the previous value held by the
instance is returned.)
The value of the ACCESS clause for objects having
this syntax is either `read-write' or `read-
create'. When an instance of a columnar object
having this syntax is created, any value may be
supplied via the management protocol.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
timeInterval ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
IimcCommonDef.Integer32;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
timeIntervalBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!A period of time, measured in units of 0.01
seconds.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
timeStamp ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
IimcCommonDef.TimeTicks;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
timeStampBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!The value of MIB-II's sysUpTime object at which a
specific occurrence happened. The specific
occurrence must be defined in the description of
any object defined using this type.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
timeTicks ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX
IimcCommonDef.TimeTicks;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
timeTicksBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!This attribute represents a non-negative
integer which represents the time, modulo 2->32
(4294967296 decimal), in hundredths of a second
between two epochs. When attributes are
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defined which use this attribute type, the
description of the object identifies both of
the reference epochs. This corresponds to the type
defined in [SNMPv2SMI] by the same name!;;;
truthValue ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.TruthValue;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY; BEHAVIOUR
truthValueBehaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!Represents a boolean value.
This corresponds to the type defined in [SNMPv2TC]
by the same name.!;;;
uInteger32 ATTRIBUTE
WITH ATTRIBUTE SYNTAX IimcCommonDef.UInteger32;
MATCHES FOR EQUALITY, ORDERING;
BEHAVIOUR
uInteger32Behaviour BEHAVIOUR
DEFINED AS
!As defined for the ASN.1 Builtin INTEGER type.
Only the value range constraint (0..4294967295) is
added. This corresponds to the type
defined in [SNMPv2SMI] by the same name!;;;
5. ASN.1 Definitions
IimcAssignedOIDs {iimcManagementModMan 1}
DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
iimcAutoTrans OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {...}
iimcManagement OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {...}
iimcManagementNB OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {iimcManagement 1}
-- for ISO/CCITT derived NAME BINDINGS
iimcManagementModule OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagement 2}
-- for ISO/CCITT Translation ASN.1 Modules
iimcManagementModAuto OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagement 2}
-- for automatically registering IIMC ASN.1 modules by
-- RFC number corresponding to the Internet MIB
-- translated.
iimcManagementModMan OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagement 2}
-- for explicit registration of ASN.1 Modules
iimcManagementDoc OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagement 3}
-- for registering IIMC documents
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iimcManagementDocAuto OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagementDoc 1}
-- for automatically registering IIMC documents by RFC
-- number corresponding to the Internet MIB translated.
iimcManagementDocMan OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagementDoc 1}
-- for explicitly registering IIMC documents
iimcIIMCIMIBTRANS OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagementDocMan 1}
-- for registering this document, IIMCIMIBTRANS
iimcIIMCProxy OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagementDocMan 3}
-- for registering document IIMCProxy
iimcIIMCSEC OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagementDocMan 4}
-- for registering document IIMCSEC
iimcIIMCOMIBTRANS OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{iimcManagementDocMan 5}
-- for registering document IIMCOMIBTRANS
iimcManagementProxy OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {iimcManagement 4}
-- for ISO/CCITT-internet proxy
iimcManagementNot OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {iimcManagement 5}
-- for IIMC defined notifications
iimcManagementMOC OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {iimcManagement 6}
-- for IIMC defined object classes
iimcManagementAtt OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {iimcManagement 7}
-- for IIMC defined attributes
END
IimcCommonDef {iimcManagementModMan 2}
DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
ProbableCause, PerceivedSeverity,
NotificationIdentifier, CorrelatedNotifications,
FROM Attribute.ASN1Module {joint-iso-ccitt ms(9)
smi(3) Part2(2) asn1Module(2) 1}
Attribute, ObjectInstance
FROM CMIP-1 {joint-iso-ccitt ms(9) cmip(1)
version(1) protocol(3)}
ObjectName, ObjectSyntax
FROM RFC1155-SMI
VarBind, VarBindList
FROM RFC1098-SNMP
Response-PDU
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FROM SNMPv2-PDU;
Integer ::= INTEGER
OctetString ::= OCTET STRING
ObjectIdentifier ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
Null ::= NULL
BitString ::= BIT STRING
Counter32 ::= INTEGER (0..4294967295)
Counter64 ::= INTEGER (0..18446744073709551615)
DateAndTime ::= OCTET STRING (SIZE (8 | 11))
Gauge32 ::= INTEGER (0..4294967295)
Integer32 ::= INTEGER (2147483648..2147483647)
InternetAlarmInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
probableCause ProbableCause,
attributeIdList [1] AttributeIdentifierList
OPTIONAL,
objectInstanceList [2] ObjectInstanceList
OPTIONAL,
unknownVarBindList [3] VarBindList
OPTIONAL,
internetTrapInfo [4] InternetTrapInfo
OPTIONAL,
perceivedSeverity [5] PerceivedSeverity
OPTIONAL,
notificationId [6] NotificationIdentifier
OPTIONAL,
correlatedNot [7] CorrelatedNotification
OPTIONAL,
transportDomain [8] TransportDomain OPTIONAL,
transportAddress [9] TransportAddress OPTIONAL,
accessControlInfo [9] AccessControlInfo OPTIONAL
}
AccessControlInfo CHOICE {
communityString [0] OCTET STRING,
partyInfo [1] SEQUENCE {
srcParty OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
dstparty OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
context OBJECT IDENTIFIER
}
}
InternetTrapInfo ::= SET OF {
SEQUENCE {
objectInstance ObjectInstance
OPTIONAL,
COMPONENTS of Attribute}}
TimeTicks ::= INTEGER (0..4294967295)
MacAddress ::= OCTET STRING (SIZE (6))
TransportDomain ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
TransportAddress ::= OCTET STRING
ObjectInstanceList ::= SET of ObjectInstance
TruthValue ::= INTEGER { true(1), false(2) }
TestAndIncrement ::= INTEGER (0..2147483647)
RowStatus ::= INTEGER {
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-- the following two values are states:
-- these values may be read or written
active(1), notInService(2),
-- the following value is a state:
-- this value may be read but not written
notReady(3),
-- the following three values are
-- actions: these values may be written,
-- but are never read
createAndGo(4),
createAndWait(5),
destroy(6)
}
UInteger32 ::= INTEGER (0..4294967295)
END
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6. Acknowledgments
The following individuals have contributed to this effort.
Bob Aronoff - NIST
Jon Biggar - NetLabs
Mary Brady - NIST
April Chang - NetLabs
Jock Embry - Opening Technologies
Paul Golick - IBM
Pramod Kalyanas - University of Delaware
Lee LaBarre - The MITRE Corporation
David Liu - Northern Telecom, Inc
Owen Newnan - U S West Advanced Technologies
Steve Ng - MPR Teltech
Yasuhiro Ohara - NTT
George Pavlou - UCL
Lisa Phifer - Bellcore
Tom Rutt - AT&T
Mark Smith - Hewlett-Packard
Einar Stefferud - Network Management Associates, Inc.
Dean Voiss - NetLabs
Yoshi Yamashita - NKK Corporation
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References
[ISO8824] ISO/IEC IS 8824: Information Technology - Open
System Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax
Notation One(ASN.1),1990.
[ISO8825] ISO/IEC IS 8825: Information Technology - Open
System Interconnection - Specification of Basic Encoding
Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1),1990.
[ISO7498-4] ISO/IEC IS 7498-4, Information Processing
Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference
Model Part 4 -Management Framework, 1989.
[ISO9595] ISO/IEC IS 9595, Information Technology - Open
System Interconnection - Common Management Information
Service Definition, 1991.
[ISO9596-1] ISO/IEC IS 9596-1, Information Technology -Open
Systems Interconnection - Common Management Information
Protocol -Part 1: Specification, 1991.
ISO10165-1] ISO/IEC IS 10165-1: Information Technology -Open
Systems Interconnection - Structure of Management
Information - Part 1: Management Information Model, 1991.
[ISO10165-2] ISO/IEC IS 10165-2: Information Technology -
Open Systems Interconnection - Structure of Management
Information - Part 2: Definition of Management Information,
1992.
[ISO10165-4] ISO/IEC IS 10165-4: Information Technology -
Open Systems Interconnection - Structure of Management
Information - Part 4: Guidelines for the Definition of
Managed Objects, 1991.
[RFC1155] RFC1155, M. Rose and K. McCloghrie, Structure and
Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP based
internets, May 1990.
[RFC1157] RFC 1157, J.D. Case, M.S. Fedor, M.L.Schoffstall,
C. Davin, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), May
1990.
[RFC1212] RFC1212, M. Rose, K. McCloghrie - Editors, Concise
MIB Definitions, March 1991.
[RFC1213] RFC1213, K. McCloghrie and M. Rose - Editors,
Management Information Base for Network Management of
TCP/IP-basedinternets: MIB-II, March 1991.
[RFC1214] RFC1214, L. LaBarre - editor, OSI Internet
Management: Management Information Base, April 1991.
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[RFC1215] RFC1215, M. Rose - Editor, Management A convention
for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP, March 1991.
[SNMPv2COEX] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose,
S.L.Waldbusser, Coexistence between version 1 and version 2
of the Internet Network Management Framework, Internet-
draft, December 1992.
[SNMPv2PROT] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose,
S.L.Waldbusser, Protocol Operations for version 2 of the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2), Internet-draft,
January 1992.
[SNMPv2SMI] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose,
S.L.Waldbusser, Structure of Management Information for
version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv2), Internet-draft, December 1992.
[SNMPv2MIB] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose,
S.L.Waldbusser, Management Information Base for version 2 of
the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2), Internet-
draft, December 1992.
[SNMPv2TC] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose,
S.L.Waldbusser, Textual Conventions for version 2 of the
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2), Internet-draft,
December 1992.
[SNMPv2ADMIN] J.R. Davin, J.M. Galvin, K.McCloghrie,
Administrative Model for version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2), Internet-Draft, January 1993.
[SNMPv2SEC] J.M. Galvin, K. McCloghrie, J.R. Davin, Security
Protocols for version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMPv2), Internet-Draft, January 1993.
[SNMPv2TM] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L. Waldbusser,
Transport Mappings for version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2), Internet-Draft, January 1993.
[SNMPv2PARTY] J.D. Case, K. McCloghrie, M.T. Rose, S.L.
Waldbusser, Party MIB for version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2), Internet-Draft, January 1993.
[IIMCSEC] ISO/CCITT and Internet Management Coexistence
(IIMC): ISO/CCITT to Internet Management Security, Draft 1
March 26,1993.
[IIMCMIB-II] ISO/CCITT and Internet Management Coexistence
(IIMC): Translation of Internet MIB-II (RFC1213) to
ISO/CCITT GDMO MIB, Draft 1, March 26, 1993.
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[IIMCPROXY] ISO/CCITT and Internet Management Coexistence
(IIMC): ISO/CCITT to Internet Management Proxy, Draft 1,
March, 1993 [to be distributed].
[IIMCOMIBTRANS] ISO/CCITT and Internet Management
Coexistence (IIMC): Translation of ISO/CCITT GDMO MIBs to
Internet MIBs, Draft 1, March 26, 1993.
[NMFMC92] NM Forum and X/Open, ISO/CCITT and Internet
Management: Coexistence and Interworking Strategy, October,
1992.
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Annex A Editor's Naming Proposal
Naming is still an open issue, especially as regards naming
within the proxy. The naming hierarchies below illustrate
the editor's proposal for naming. The assumption is that a
"native" CMIP agent that happened to be managing Internet
resources would have one instantiation of the naming tree
that is particular to that agent. A proxy implementation
would have instantiated ISO system objects for each agent it
is proxying to, and the MIB specific to the proxy.
Some characteristics of this naming hierarchy are discussed
below.
system A {systemId = "A"} system B {systemId = "B"}
| |
|- internetSystem |- internetSystem
|- tcp |- tcp
|- partyTable |- partyTable
|- contextTable |- contextTable
|- aclTable |- aclTable
|- viewTable |- viewTable
|- etc. |- etc.
system Proxy {systemId = "proxy@x.y"}
|
|- cmipsnmpProxyTable
| |- cmipsnmpProxyAgent
|- partyTable
|- contextTable (manager party MIB)
|- aclTable
|- viewTable
|- EFD
|- Log
|- internetSystem *
|- tcp *
|- etc. *
Characteristics:
1. From perspective of ISO manager all agents are alike
in their naming hierarchy, whether via proxy, or native
CMIP implementation,
2. All objects under the system object for agents are
"virtual" in that they are not instantiated in the
proxy,
3. All objects under the system object for proxy are
instantiated in the proxy, including those relative to
protocol resources that may be managed in the proxy(*),
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4. Proxy would instantiate all ISO system objects,
5. The party MIB objects in the proxy are equivalent to
those found in an Internet Manager,
6. The party MIB in the proxy may minimally consist of
the partyTable and its entries. The entries would
consist of those specific to parties residing in the
proxy, and copies of those parties stored in the
internet agents and used for communication. The
context acl, and views tables may not be required
unless access control is applied to the MIB
instantiated in the proxy, or unless the proxy applies
access control on behalf of Internet agents, e.g.,
SNMPv1 agents.
7. Internet style access control may be applied to the
MIB elements in the proxy, e.g., to the party MIB
elements.
8. The internet style use of the "local" variables for
context and view tables need not be used. All requests
concerning objects under a system object particular to
an agent are considered to be relative to the remote
agent.
9. If the Proxy MIB, i.e., cmipsnmpProxyTable and
cmipsnmpProxyAgent, have OIDs assigned using the
Internet conventions, then it is possible to apply
Internet style access control to the Proxy MIB elements
as well. This may be desirable since then the manager
would have to deal with only one style of access
control. All of the party MIB tables may have to be
implemented.
10. OSI access control may be applied at the proxy for
the entire MIB, both for the MIB instantiated within
the proxy, and those instantiated in the agents.
11. EFDs and Logs are instantiated in the proxy.
Events translated from SNMP traps (for all agents) may
be forwarded over single associations to each ISO
Manager. This means that there does not have to be an
EFD associated with each agent, although there may be.
Events may be forwarded to specific local or remote
logs depending on the filtering characteristics.
12. A proxy implementation could work in two modes:
transparent, and non-transparent.
Transparent Mode: the manager establishes associations
to the proxy on a per agent (or proxy) basis, just as
if the proxy function was not there. The transparent
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mode may be indicated by the fact that the systemId
value used in the AETitle for the association contains
the systemId value associated with an agent (or proxy).
Once the mode has been established for the association,
and the agent (or proxy), one particular tree among the
forest of trees has been selected, i.e., access to all
other trees may be prohibited over that association,
and the local DN form could possibly be used.
Non-transparent Mode: the manager establishes a single
association to the proxy, however individual CMIP
requests/responses can apply to individual agents, as
distinguished by their systemId value in the DN for the
object. The transparent mode may be indicated by
the fact that the systemId value used in the AETitle
for the association contains the systemId value
associated with the proxy. The global DN form would
always be used in CMIP PDUs.
An alternative way of indicating the mode of operation
may be by the use of different application contexts.
The transparent mode could be the application context
registered in SMO. The non-transparent mode could be a
new application context.
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